The Climate and Catastrophe Risk Tracker is an InsureSouk reference product for organizing source-backed climate, weather, catastrophe, resilience, and insurance-market risk-transfer themes.
Tracker intelligence
Tracker snapshot
Reference scope
- Tracker type: climate and catastrophe risk reference file
- Primary scope: peril, geography, event context, insured-loss references, economic-loss references, supervisory themes, and resilience signals where source-backed
- Update cadence: periodic editorial review
What this tracker follows
Tracker scope
- Official or approved-source references to catastrophe events, weather-related losses, exposure themes, and resilience measures
- Insurance and reinsurance commentary on loss context, coverage availability, claims pressure, pricing themes, and risk-transfer responses where source-backed
- Regulatory materials on climate-risk governance, disclosure, supervision, and resilience
Signal categories
Current signal model
- Peril, geography, event date, loss context, and source caveat
- Physical-risk and resilience themes
- Insurance, reinsurance, public-sector, and supervisory responses
- Links to protection-gap, reinsurance, country, company, and line references
Source and methodology note
Methodology basis
- Each public item needs a source name, source date, geography, peril, insurance relevance, and caveat before display
- Loss figures require careful review because sources may use different definitions, currencies, inflation adjustments, and reporting periods
- Source review records are maintained separately from the public summary
Related references
Resolved relationships
- Related countries include current InsureSouk country profiles where catastrophe, climate, supervision, or protection-gap context is relevant
- Related companies include selected insurers and reinsurers with public climate, catastrophe, risk-transfer, or specialty-market relevance
- Related trackers: Protection Gap Tracker; Reinsurance Capacity Watch; Insurance Market Size Tracker
How to read this tracker
Reader workflow
- Check whether a source describes insured loss, economic loss, exposure, resilience, supervisory expectations, or market commentary
- Separate event-level loss context from broader climate-risk themes
- Use related tracker links to connect risk signals with protection-gap and reinsurance context
Reader note
Reader note
- Catastrophe and climate-risk information is sensitive to definitions, model assumptions, reporting periods, event classification, inflation, and currency
- This page is editorial reference material and is not actuarial, underwriting, investment, legal, regulatory, claims, pricing, catastrophe-modeling, or risk-transfer advice
This tracker provides curated source-reviewed context for climate and catastrophe risk signals.
Tracker Overview
Climate and catastrophe risk coverage can include severe weather, flood, storm, heat, wildfire, earthquake, insured-loss commentary, adaptation, resilience, supervisory expectations, pricing signals, and reinsurance response. Use this tracker as a source-led reference layer: check the peril, geography, reporting period, loss definition, and caveat before using a source item as insurance-market context.
Latest source-reviewed references
NOAA U.S. billion-dollar weather and climate disasters reference
NOAA NCEI provides an official U.S. reference for billion-dollar weather and climate disaster events and includes a DOI citation for the source.
Why it matters: It gives catastrophe-risk readers a public U.S. government reference point for high-cost weather and climate events.
The source page was used as an official reference page, not as a copied event table.
Use the NOAA methodology and citation notes before comparing event counts, inflation-adjusted losses, or per-event cost estimates.
Do not treat this item as an InsureSouk loss estimate or complete U.S. catastrophe event file.
NOAA NCEI, U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters
WMO State of the Global Climate 2025 reference
WMO reports that 2025 was the second or third hottest year on record and that 2015-2025 were the hottest 11 years on record.
Why it matters: The source anchors climate-risk tracking in official global climate indicators rather than market commentary.
The source page highlights temperature, ocean, sea-ice, glacier, and extreme-weather themes.
Use the WMO report and supporting materials for definitions, baselines, uncertainty ranges, and indicator methods.
Do not infer insured-loss impacts or country-level insurance exposure from global climate indicators alone.
EIOPA natural catastrophe protection-gap source
EIOPA brings together information on economic losses, insured losses, risk estimates, and insurance coverage for 30 European countries.
Why it matters: It connects catastrophe-risk references with insurance coverage and resilience questions in European markets.
The EIOPA page states that the source covers current, historical, country, and country-insurance views.
Use this as a source reference. Country and peril-level readings require review of EIOPA's technical documentation.
Do not compare countries without checking the peril, source view, historical period, and insurance-coverage basis.
EIOPA, Insurance protection gap for natural catastrophes source page
UNDRR GAR 2025 disaster resilience reference
UNDRR frames disaster costs, resilience investment, and risk financing as connected issues for a climate-changed world.
Why it matters: The source helps connect catastrophe exposure with resilience investment, public finance, and insurance affordability themes.
The source page and UNDRR release were used for high-level disaster-cost framing, not for a copied loss dataset.
The wider cost figure includes cascading and ecosystem impacts; treat it as a GAR framing indicator rather than an insured-loss estimate.
Do not compare GAR cost figures with insurer catastrophe-loss figures without checking scope, definitions, and inclusion of indirect impacts.
UNDRR, Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2025
European Climate Risk Assessment 2024 reference
The EEA's first European Climate Risk Assessment identifies 36 climate risks across systems including infrastructure, water, food, health, ecosystems, and financial stability.
Why it matters: It gives the tracker an official European climate-risk assessment source beyond single-event loss references.
The EEA page describes the assessment as a first-of-its-kind synthesis to support strategic policymaking.
Use the EEA report to interpret risk categories, urgency labels, and regional scope.
Do not turn the 36-risk count into an insurance exposure score or market ranking.
European Environment Agency, European Climate Risk Assessment
IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report climate-risk reference
The IPCC AR6 synthesis report states that human-caused climate change is affecting weather and climate extremes in every region.
Why it matters: It is a core scientific assessment for reading physical climate risk, compound hazards, and adaptation limits.
The source page was used with the IPCC headline statements for summary context.
Use the IPCC report confidence language and scenario definitions when interpreting climate-risk statements.
Do not convert IPCC global statements into country-level insurance loss estimates without separate source support.
Bank of England 2021 Climate Biennial Exploratory Scenario results
The Bank of England published results from an exploratory climate-risk exercise involving major UK banks and insurers.
Why it matters: It is a useful supervisor source for how climate-related financial risks can affect insurers, banks, customers, and data needs.
The Bank of England states that the exercise used stylised paths and was not a forecast.
Treat this as a supervisory exercise reference, not as an InsureSouk model or forecast.
Do not reuse participant projections, loss estimates, or scenario assumptions without reviewing the full Bank of England methodology.
Bank of England, Results of the 2021 Climate Biennial Exploratory Scenario
Full reference archive
View the full archive of source-reviewed climate and catastrophe risk references, including market, peril, event period, source date, reviewed date, methodology notes, and reader cautions.