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World Bank Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance program reference
- Country / market
- Global and developing markets
- Peril / risk type
- Climate and disaster risk
- Reference type
- Disaster-risk financing reference
- Line / segment
- Sovereign disaster risk financing, agricultural insurance, property catastrophe risk insurance, and scalable social protection
- Reporting period
- Program established 2010
- Source type
- Multilateral source
- Source title
- World Bank, Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance (DRFI) Program
- Source publication date
- June 20, 2026
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- The World Bank describes DRFI as supporting financial protection strategies for governments, homeowners, businesses, agricultural producers, and low-income populations.
- Why it matters
- The source anchors protection-gap tracking in disaster-risk-financing tools beyond private insurance alone.
- Methodology note
- Use this as a program and framework reference. It does not provide a single global insurance protection-gap value.
- Source note
- The source page states that DRFI supports sovereign disaster risk financing, agricultural insurance, property catastrophe risk insurance, and scalable social protection.
- Reader caution
- Do not infer country-level coverage or loss-gap figures from this program description.
- Official source
- World Bank, Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance (DRFI) Program
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker
OECD disaster risk financing strategies reference
- Country / market
- OECD and adherent jurisdictions
- Peril / risk type
- Disaster risk
- Reference type
- Disaster-risk financing reference
- Line / segment
- Disaster risk financing and insurance strategy
- Reporting period
- Current OECD legal instrument page
- Source type
- Multilateral source
- Source title
- OECD Legal Instruments, Recommendation of the Council on Disaster Risk Financing Strategies
- Source publication date
- May 7, 2026
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- The OECD legal instrument provides a public policy reference for disaster risk financing strategies.
- Why it matters
- It helps frame protection-gap analysis around ex ante financing, public policy, and risk-transfer strategy rather than only post-event losses.
- Methodology note
- Use this item for policy-framework context. It does not provide economic-loss or insured-loss values.
- Source note
- The source is the OECD legal-instrument page for the recommendation, not a loss table.
- Reader caution
- Do not present this source as a jurisdiction ranking or a quantified protection-gap estimate.
- Official source
- OECD Legal Instruments, Recommendation of the Council on Disaster Risk Financing Strategies
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker
United States National Flood Insurance Program reference
- Country / market
- United States
- Peril / risk type
- Flood
- Reference type
- Public/private insurance scheme reference
- Line / segment
- Residential and commercial flood insurance
- Reporting period
- Current public program reference
- Source type
- Official government source
- Source title
- FEMA, Flood Insurance
- Source publication date
- January 2, 2026
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- FEMA describes the National Flood Insurance Program as managed by FEMA and delivered through more than 50 insurance companies and NFIP Direct.
- Why it matters
- The NFIP is a core public-sector flood insurance reference for U.S. protection-gap analysis.
- Methodology note
- Treat this item as a scheme reference. Separate sources are needed before publishing U.S. flood-insurance take-up, exposure, or uninsured-loss estimates.
- Source note
- The FEMA page was used for program structure, not for a quantified uninsured-loss estimate.
- Reader caution
- Do not infer a national flood protection-gap value from the program description alone.
- Official source
- FEMA, Flood Insurance
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker
EIOPA natural catastrophe insurance protection gap source
- Country / market
- European Union and wider European countries
- Peril / risk type
- Natural catastrophe
- Reference type
- Natural catastrophe insurance gap
- Line / segment
- Property and catastrophe insurance
- Reporting period
- Historical view 1980-2024 and current model view
- Source type
- Official supervisory authority source
- Source title
- EIOPA, Insurance protection gap for natural catastrophes source page
- Source publication date
- December 5, 2025
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- EIOPA's public source brings together data on economic losses, insured losses, risk estimates, and insurance coverage for 30 European countries.
- Why it matters
- It provides an official European reference for how supervisors frame climate-related catastrophe protection gaps.
- Methodology note
- Use this as a source reference, not as an InsureSouk model. Country and peril-level readings require review of EIOPA's technical documentation.
- Source note
- The EIOPA page states that the source covers current, historical, country, and country-insurance views.
- Reader caution
- Do not compare countries from this source without checking the peril, modelling view, historical period, and insurance-coverage basis.
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker
India FY2023-24 insurance density proxy
- Country / market
- India
- Peril / risk type
- Insurance inclusion
- Reference type
- Insurance penetration / density proxy
- Line / segment
- Life and non-life insurance
- Reporting period
- FY2023-24
- Value
- USD 95 per capita
- Protection gap reference
- Total insurance density USD 95
- Source type
- Official regulator annual report
- Source title
- IRDAI Annual Report 2023-24
- Source publication date
- December 23, 2024
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- IRDAI reports India's total insurance density at USD 95 for FY2023-24, with life density at USD 70 and non-life density at USD 25.
- Why it matters
- Insurance density gives another public proxy for reading coverage depth and insurance-inclusion context.
- Methodology note
- IRDAI defines density as the ratio of premium to population and notes the India period differs from calendar-year world comparators.
- Source note
- The figure comes from IRDAI's insurance density table, which cites Swiss Re sigma source data.
- Reader caution
- Density is not a direct uninsured-loss figure and should not be treated as a protection-gap amount.
- Official source
- IRDAI Annual Report 2023-24
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker
India FY2023-24 insurance penetration proxy
- Country / market
- India
- Peril / risk type
- Insurance inclusion
- Reference type
- Insurance penetration / density proxy
- Line / segment
- Life and non-life insurance
- Reporting period
- FY2023-24
- Value
- percent
- Protection gap reference
- Total insurance penetration 3.7%
- Source type
- Official regulator annual report
- Source title
- IRDAI Annual Report 2023-24
- Source publication date
- December 23, 2024
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- IRDAI reports India's total insurance penetration at 3.7% for FY2023-24, with life at 2.8% and non-life at 1.0%.
- Why it matters
- Insurance penetration is a useful public proxy when reading protection-gap and insurance-inclusion themes.
- Methodology note
- IRDAI notes that India data is for April 2023 to March 2024, while other world data in the comparison table is calendar year 2023.
- Source note
- The figure comes from IRDAI's insurance penetration table, which cites Swiss Re sigma source data.
- Reader caution
- Penetration is not itself a quantified protection-gap estimate; it is a contextual proxy.
- Official source
- IRDAI Annual Report 2023-24
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker
United Kingdom Flood Re flood insurance scheme reference
- Country / market
- United Kingdom
- Peril / risk type
- Flood
- Reference type
- Public/private insurance scheme reference
- Line / segment
- Household flood insurance
- Reporting period
- Scheme due to run until 2039
- Source type
- Public institutional source
- Source title
- Flood Re, What is Flood Re?
- Source publication date
- October 12, 2020
- Reviewed
- June 22, 2026
- Status
- Source-reviewed
- Summary
- Flood Re describes itself as a reinsurance scheme intended to make flood cover more widely available and affordable as part of home insurance.
- Why it matters
- Flood Re is a useful UK reference for public/private intervention where flood risk affects household insurance affordability and availability.
- Methodology note
- This item is a scheme reference, not a quantified estimate of the UK household flood protection gap.
- Source note
- The public page states that Flood Re helps high-risk households and is planned to run until 2039.
- Reader caution
- Do not treat scheme eligibility, policy counts, or premium effects as stated here unless a separate Flood Re source provides the figure.
- Official source
- Flood Re, What is Flood Re?
- Parent tracker
- Protection Gap Tracker